orichalcum: (Pompeii)
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1. I am oddly offended by the lesbian-feminist stance that women should be lesbians as a means of rejecting the patriarchal heterosexual system: "there is a nascent feminist political content in the act of choosing a woman lover or life partner in the face of institutionalized heterosexuality (A. Rich)." The odd part here is not that I am offended because I myself have chosen to love and marry someone of the opposite gender despite finding other women attractive, but because it seems to me to devalue the loving same-sex relationships that my female (and, relatedly, male) friends have formed with each other. If one is choosing one's romantic partner for political reasons, the implication is that you could choose the "easier path" of conforming to social norms and finding an opposite-sex partner. This seems to deny the possibility of women who do not find any men sexually or romantically attractive and thus choose to partner with only those they do find attractive, other women. It also seems to lessen the credibility of the relationship. No one tells me that I got married as a way of demonstrating my commitment to traditional nuclear families; I got married because I deeply love [livejournal.com profile] cerebralpaladin.



2. I disagree with many of Soapsuds' points in her article denying homoerotic tension in various works of literature and film, primarily because I do take a postmodern approach in valuing the experience of the audience and reader as much as the intent of the author. However, on a larger point and thining about this in relationship to queer theory, I think there's an interesting social change going on in terms of the sexualization of all relationships. Basically, I think there are two major social changes affecting this in the last fifteen years in elite coastal young American discourse:

1. Erotic same-sex relationships have been normalized to a certain extent, such that one can look at two men walking down the street in New York City holding hands and make a plausible guess that they are doing so because they are in a romantic relationship. While still an oppressed and highly discriminated against minority, gays and lesbians are very visible in the media. In particular, lesbian characters are beginning to avoid some of the traditional stereotypesNon- associated with such characters - is Willow butch or femme?

2. Non-erotic opposite-sex friendships have simultaneously been normalized to a large extent. My parents and in-laws don't really get the idea of being platonic friends with unmarried members of the opposite sex, especially with exes. For me, the idea of abandoning friendships with all my close guy friends because people might erroneously assume romantic tensions or affairs is both ridiculous and painful. While there are some biological issues I talk about with female friends rather than male ones, when I wanted to announce my pregnancy or my engagement, about half of the first group of people called were male. (It helps, of course, that there's some crossover between my friends and [livejournal.com profile] cerebralpaladin's, regardless of gender.)

So I think the net effect of 1 and 2 is to establish a society in which all relationships, at least between two people of approximately the same generation, are simultaneously potentially sexualized and potentially platonic. A woman and a man meet at a sports bar. The lively conversation that they strike up could be interpreted as flirting; it could also be interpreted as laying the groundwork for a solid friendship built on a shared fandom. Two men go to see a movie together. Is it a date? Soapsuds would take the approach I think of assuming platonic relations until clear signs are sent otherwise, and I think that she may have the majority viewpoint here. This may contribute to the rise in popularity of online dating and simultaneously of traditional "date signals" such as one person paying. In the absence of default assumptions about cross-gender interaction, new signs must be developed. I would argue, though, that in order to reject a heteronormative and discriminatory society, we need to apply the same rules to same-gender interactions.

Mostly, this is an issue with interactions between two people who do not know each other well. If I am at dinner with [livejournal.com profile] julianyap and he offers to pay, I do not think this is intended to convey any romantic intentions. If I'm getting chocolate with [livejournal.com profile] ladybird97 and she hasn't gone to the ATM lately and I offer to pay for them, I can assume that [livejournal.com profile] ladybird97 does not think she is required to kiss me in return for my generosity.

The final thought here is that we appear to have at least the foundation of a code in which the participants can sexualize a relationship, some aspects of which may be obvious to onlookers (kissing) but others of which may not be (picking up the check.) We do not have a similar good set of exchange-signs for signaling a platonic friendship; we abandon those in childhood with woven bracelets and elaborate charts. Perhaps the "Favorite Five" on cellphone lists is such an indicator, or blog-links, or LJ-friends pages, but there are no good ways there of easily differentiating between closer friends and acquaintances. "So-and-so has added you as a friend," Facebook tells me, when it is my cousin, or my brother, or my husband who has done this. What obligations does So-and-so feel towards me? If someone on my friends-list has a need of money and puts up a request for funds on their LJ, am I obliged to give, as I would if [livejournal.com profile] ladybird97 had no money to buy chocolate? Do people on my friends-list have a right to feel offended if I do not invite them to a party or formal event?

I've wandered now from my subfield into [livejournal.com profile] ladybird97's, come to think of it. So, what formal signs of friendship should we reintroduce, [livejournal.com profile] ladybird97?
Mood:: 'thoughtful' thoughtful
location: home
There are 14 comments on this entry. (Reply.)
 
posted by [identity profile] ladybird97.livejournal.com at 11:58pm on 31/01/2008
I'm very happy that you consider buying chocolate for me one of the signs of our friendship :)

But, more seriously - yeah, this is the difficulty with my field of study. Because the signs that used to stand for friendship (kissing, intense expressions of emotion, the use of the word 'love') now signify a romantic/erotic relationship, modern scholars misread them a lot. (Sorry, ghost of John Boswell!)

To confuse the issue even more, these signs weren't one-meaning-only even in the twelfth century. A lord kissed his vassal on the lips when he was receiving homage; male friends kissed each other on the lips; a bishop kissed a king on the lips to give the sign of peace...and lovers kissed each other on the lips as well. The expectation was on the recipient and the viewers to interpret the sign correctly, and for the most part, they did. But there was also the possibility of accidental or intentional misreading of the signs of friendship for the signs of love.

So, in the twelfth century as today, whenever strong affection is present, the signs of friendship and romantic love can get blurry,and there is the potential for misreading.

I'm not sure what signs we should bring back - honestly, we've still got a lot of them. Formal feasting --> inviting people to parties - and conversely, excluding people from the feasting table/not inviting people to parties to show that you're not their friend anymore. Ritual gift-giving --> birthday presents. Or, to a lesser extent, the ritual Christmas-card exchange, which functions kind of like the exchange of letters between monks.It almost matters less what the letters say than the fact that they get exchanged - the reciprocity is the important thing.

My personal favorite medieval friendship ritual is the one to break a friendship, though. If you want to tell someone that they're really not your friend anymore, you break a stick at them :)
 
posted by [identity profile] orichalcum.livejournal.com at 01:29am on 01/02/2008
Hmm..it sounds like we still have the markers of group friendship, but less of a one-one close personal friendship?
 
posted by [identity profile] meepodeekin.livejournal.com at 11:59pm on 31/01/2008
Very interesting. I enjoyed all of that and agreed with it.

I think society would be a lot better if there _were_ overt ways of signalling "very good platonic friend" as a public relationship. As someone who has been wrongly accused by onlookers/other friends of having romantic relationships with both women and men who were close friends, it would be nice not to worry about that confusion. I tend to form very close platonic friendships. Indeed, one of the big logistical benefits of marriage for me has been the fact that people assume (correctly of course :) ) that all of my other relationships are platonic without any annoying and overly personal discussions.
 
posted by [identity profile] bloodstones.livejournal.com at 02:25am on 01/02/2008
It's funny, as poly and married I've experienced both having people assume my intentions were platonic when I was hitting on someone like mad, and having people assume my intentions were romantic when they were anything but.
 
posted by [identity profile] meepodeekin.livejournal.com at 09:46pm on 01/02/2008
Interesting. I think I'm glad not to have that extra axis of confusion in my life. I'm confused enough as it is! :)
 
posted by [identity profile] bloodstones.livejournal.com at 02:27am on 01/02/2008
I also agree with what you've written. I've often felt that politicizing queer relationships completely marginalizes them, and also seems short sighted. Simply avoiding the problem isn't going to solve it.

Another side effect of normalizing both same sex romantic relationships and opposite sex platonic relationships is that it allows for a blurring of the definitions of friendship that I like, though I suppose that could be why you think clearer signals are needed. But I like the quasi-romantic friendships I've had with some people and the very friendly, not really romantic, relationships with others. I like not having to fit all my interactions with people into proscribed boxes, and that instead I can let them be what they are.
 
posted by [identity profile] orichalcum.livejournal.com at 04:50pm on 01/02/2008
Hmm, that's interesting. I'm very suspicious of proscribed boxes myself from a theoretical perspective; that's part of what my book is all about. But I suppose I see some value in a system that allows people to indicate that they are desiring their relationship to fit into a specific category, because people like structure, even while others welcome ambiguity.
 
You said: No one tells me that I got married as a way of demonstrating my commitment to traditional nuclear families; I got married because I deeply love cerebralpaladin.

I wonder: wouldn't the proponents of the theory you describe claim exactly that (i.e., that you married someone of the opposite sex because you were caught up in or accepted patriarchy)? Or are you saying that no one else would make this claim? I could imagine that even people who wouldn't insist on women only accepting lesbian relationships might say that it is not a coincidence when someone who self-identifies as bi chooses to commit to a heterosexual relationship. (Please don't take this as criticism of you. I'm just questioning your belief that no one would attribute political attitudes to your life choices.)

You said: Erotic same-sex relationships have been normalized to a certain extent, such that one can look at two men walking down the street in New York City holding hands and make a plausible guess that they are doing so because they are in a romantic relationship.

I think you should clarify what you mean by 'normalize.' Not everyone (even within the narrow group you describe) who would make that guess (accurate or not) would consider it normal or feel comfortable with it. Do you mean that people are familiar with the idea of same-sex relationships?

You said: While still an oppressed and highly discriminated against minority, gays and lesbians are very visible in the media.

There was an interesting article on the back page of Entertainment Weekly a couple months ago that disputed this claim, IIRC. It was by Mark Harris (I think that's his name) and was on the topic of Dumbledore's outing.

You said: So I think the net effect of 1 and 2 is to establish a society in which all relationships, at least between two people of approximately the same generation, are simultaneously potentially sexualized and potentially platonic.

I really agree with this. I find it a little weird sometimes in unexpected ways. I once had a new acquaintance invite me out for a drink (a married straight woman and a married lesbian woman walk into a bar...) and still had someone else express concern later that I was being hit on.

You said: Soapsuds would take the approach I think of assuming platonic relations until clear signs are sent otherwise, and I think that she may have the majority viewpoint here.

Really? I think the two examples you gave would lead me to assume the opposite.

You said: Mostly, this is an issue with interactions between two people who do not know each other well.

Well, or have never made it clear to the other that there's no romantic interest. (Remember Strangers in Paradise back before it got weird? They were best friends for years.)

You said: we abandon those in childhood with woven bracelets and elaborate charts.

Am curious about the elaborate charts.

I think your points at the end get a different issue, which is the nature of community in our electronic era. The nature of obligation is related to the extent to which one considers another to be part of the same community. That community used to have a strong geographical element. It's not so clear anymore how to define our communities or what to do when it's so easy to be in touch with people we may not have seen for years or may not have ever met.
 

Sorry, I was apparently unclear. I think lots of people might view my marrying a guy as a "betrayal" of sorts of lesbian feminism. I don't think that they would assume, conversely, that I got married in the first place because I wanted to defend the importance of marriage and biological children-in-wedlock, although they might think I was doing so subconsciously.

2. Sorry, I was being somewhat technical here. I mean that the idea of same-sex relationships has become part of the discourse - that we would not ridicule someone for assuming such a relationship between the handholders in the way, that, for instance, someone might have ridiculed the notion that Holmes and Watson were lovers in the 1890s.

3. Yes, I think Harris' stats are unreasonably narrow here and disagree with his assessment on a variety of counts, but don't have time to go into the stats.

4. I think that two men seeing a movie together would be generally read as platonic, yes, whereas man and woman at sports bar would be interpreted as flirting. Sorry for confusion.

5. Such things can change over time as well.

6. I was thinking of the "you're my third best friend" rhetoric of kindergartens...

Community is certainly strongly correlated here, but the fact that we use the term "friend" to define "people within our community" also complicates things.
 
posted by [identity profile] karakara98.livejournal.com at 03:44pm on 01/02/2008
This is all very interesting. But I'm sure it won't surprise you to learn I come at this from a different and more conservative direction.

I will start by saying I left the world of anthropological/archaeological gender theory in 1995 after an unsatisfying experience with an archaeology seminar called "Gender in Prehistory." My general approach though is shaped by this archaeological/anthropological training, and it is to assume social structures flow out of economic system and general level of security and lawfulness (i.e. can a member of society assume that they will be protect by "government" or society and if not, how do they handle it). So I assume our present system of nuclear families comes out of an agrarian/industrial economy. Social systems are propped up by laws (e.g. the tax code that gives deductions for children) and by social pressures and perceptions of morality. Conversely, the decrease in daily freedoms of women in places like Iraq and Afghanistan could be attributed at least in part to a desire for more security in an extremely insecure place. (Havenstone gives a good anecdotal example of this with a description of the rise of the burqa in one Afghani city).

Given all that background, I see the last 50-60 years as a time of huge upheaval of the family as domestic concerns no longer enough to fully engage women and they seek to become fully economically integrated into the industrialized/knowledge based economy that doesn't require brute physical labor. So I see social changes as flowing from this economic change. (As an aside, my professor of that archaeology class saw the rise of labor saving domestic appliances like washing machines as "bribes" to get women to leave the workforce they had entered in WWII and return home).

Anyway, all that is preface to my saying that a structured heteronormative "patriarchal" environment arose because it met some social need. Obviously there are people who don't fit in to that, and I think as a subculture they should be supported and celebrated. But I question whether the advocates you start out quoting will meet the needs of the majority. They may or they may not, but there may be as many people out there who would be as underserved by a free-wheeling, anything goes, pluralistic society as those who are underserved by a heteronormative one. That's my main response to the example you cite above: some people do need to belong and there's nothing more wrong with that than with the people who follow a different path, and coercion to follow a new norm is no better than coercion to follow the old. I see that coercion though as a natural part of just getting along in society.

We're at a time of huge upheaval and instability in our social structures. I think that's why the "Culture Wars" have been so fiercely played out in politics over the past 20 years. It will be interesting to see how it all plays out.
 
posted by [identity profile] orichalcum.livejournal.com at 05:17pm on 01/02/2008
I'm a little confused as to whether you're addressing issues 1 or 2. On the issue of the needs of the majority, I agree that I think the free-wheeling anything goes pluralistic society is likely to spark social chaos and confusion. I agree also that I think people like structures and categories as means of shaping and defining society, and that these often, although not necessarily, arise out of economic motives. However, women are no longer a primary means of exchange/cementing social bonds between men in the aforementioned young coastal elite American society.

So I'd argue that the social/economic need in the above subgroup currently is for forming supportive communities that nurture the individual and their needs. I think that such a social network will become more stable if there are clearer signs distinguishing members of the group and their relationship to each other, and I suppose I'm offering that as one possibility for resolving the upheaval and instability, because I don't think that the traditional patriarchal heteronormative nuclear family model is working terribly well at the moment.
 
posted by [identity profile] karakara98.livejournal.com at 07:32pm on 01/02/2008
Sorry, I was responding more to your first post, but I think I also got off into wanderings of my own.

I agree that clear signals have not yet been established and may be needed.
 
posted by [identity profile] meepodeekin.livejournal.com at 09:45pm on 01/02/2008
Indeed I think it's pretty clear that the traditional patriarchal heteronormative nuclear family model is crashing and burning in our generation. Which is why I find the anti-gay-marriage movement so frustrating. I mean, hardly anyone wants to get married anymore, so why not respect the ones who do? I agree with karakara98 that some order is needed, and I think the people who suffer the most from lack of clear family structure are children, who deserve to be protected and nurtured. There's a lot of interaction with that issue and questions of traditional and nontraditional relationships between adults. As well as questions of two-job families, day care, etc. It's clear that the status quo is not stable as a way of raising children, and while I support the feminist advances that have helped lead to these issues, something is going to have to give. It's one reason (among many) why I don't myself have children. I wonder what kind of standard family structure we'll have when the dust settles out.
 
posted by [identity profile] kenjari.livejournal.com at 07:08pm on 01/02/2008
Coincidentally enough, I read this entry right after returning home from an event I attended with a married male friend of mine. There was a moment during some very casual introductions where I got the feeling that the person we were introduced to thought my friend and I were married to each other.

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